在Linux中查看进程占用的端口号

对于 Linux 系统管理员来说，清楚某个服务是否正确地绑定或监听某个端口，是至关重要的。如果你需要处理端口相关的问题，这篇文章可能会对你有用。

端口是 Linux 系统上特定进程之间逻辑连接的标识，包括物理端口和软件端口。由于 Linux 操作系统是一个软件，因此本文只讨论软件端口。软件端口始终与主机的 IP 地址和相关的通信协议相关联，因此端口常用于区分应用程序。大部分涉及到网络的服务都必须打开一个套接字来监听传入的网络请求，而每个服务都使用一个独立的套接字。

套接字是和 IP 地址、软件端口和协议结合起来使用的，而端口号对传输控制协议（TCP）和用户数据报协议（UDP）协议都适用，TCP 和 UDP 都可以使用 0 到 65535 之间的端口号进行通信。

以下是端口分配类别：

• 0 - 1023： 常用端口和系统端口
• 1024 - 49151： 软件的注册端口
• 49152 - 65535： 动态端口或私有端口

在 Linux 上的 /etc/services 文件可以查看到更多关于保留端口的信息。

# less /etc/services# /etc/services:# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $# Network services, Internet style# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports# are included, only the more common ones.# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexertcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexerrje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entryrje 5/udp # Remote Job Entryecho 7/tcpecho 7/udpdiscard 9/tcp sink nulldiscard 9/udp sink nullsystat 11/tcp userssystat 11/udp usersdaytime 13/tcpdaytime 13/udpqotd 17/tcp quoteqotd 17/udp quotemsp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)chargen 19/tcp ttytst sourcechargen 19/udp ttytst sourceftp-data 20/tcpftp-data 20/udp# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fspftp 21/tcpftp 21/udp fsp fspdssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocolssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocoltelnet 23/tcptelnet 23/udp# 24 - private mail systemlmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Deliverylmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery